Modelling submerged biofouled microplastics and their vertical trajectories
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract. The fate of (micro)plastic particles in the open ocean is controlled by biological and physical processes. Here, we model effects biofouling on subsurface vertical distribution spherical, virtual plastic with radii 0.01–1 mm. specifications include attachment, growth loss algae particles. four velocity terms: advection, wind-driven mixing, tidally induced mixing sinking biofouled particle. We track 10 000 for 1 year three different regions distinct properties: low-productivity region North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, high-productivity equatorial high Southern Ocean. biofilm mass euphotic zone below result oscillatory behaviour particles, where larger (0.1–1.0 mm) have much shorter average oscillation lengths (<10 d; 90th percentile) than smaller (0.01–0.1 (up to 130 percentile). A maximum particle concentration occurs just mixed-layer depth (around 30 m) Pacific, which most pronounced mm). This because become neutrally buoyant when processes affecting settling a seawater's movement are equilibrium. Seasonal subtropical gyre only during spring blooms but otherwise remaining within mixed layer. strong winds deepest Ocean (400 redistribution (>5000 m). Our results show that mainly affected (wind-induced mixing) (biofilm) dynamics Furthermore, positively 0.01–1.0 mm can sink far layer near-surface or activity. work easily be coupled other models simulate open-ocean dynamics, order reach better understanding ends up.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Biogeosciences
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1726-4189', '1726-4170']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2211-2022